ᑑᓂ ᐃᒃᓕᔅ:
ᐳᓛᕆᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᒐᖃᕐᕕᒻᒨᕋᐃᒻᒪᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓕᖅᐸᑉᐳᑦ ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥᐅᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪ ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓂ ᐊᑦᑐᐊᓂᖃᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥᐅᓄᑦ. ᑕᑯᕙᑦᑐᑎᓪᓗ ᒥᑭᔪᑯᓗᒻᒥᒃ ᐳᓴᓐᑎᒥᒃ ᓄᐊᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ. ᓄᐊᑦᑎᓯᒪᔪᓂ, 13,000-ᖑᒻᒪᑕ ᓱᓇᒃᑯᑖᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ 5-7 ᐳᓴᓐᑎᖏᑦ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᑎᒃ ᖃᖓᑐᐃᓐᓇᒃᑯᑦ.
ᑑᓂ ᐃᒃᓕᔅᖑᔪᖓ. ᑲᒪᔨᐅᕗᖓ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᑐᖃᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᕈᐃᐅᓪ ᐋᓪᐳᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᐅᒪᔾᔪᑎᖓᓄᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᒐᖃᕐᕕᒻᒥ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᐱᖁᑎᑦᑎᐊᕙᒻᒪᕆᒃ ᐱᓯᒪᔭᕗᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᓚᐅᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᑯᐃᓐ ᓄᓇᖓᓐᓂ ᐊᔪᕆᖅᓱᐃᔨᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᖅᑎᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᑯᐃᓐ ᓄᓇᖓᓐᓂ ᐸᓖᓯᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᐅᓇᑕᖅᑐᒃᓴᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ, ᑕᑯᔭᖅᑐᖅᑎᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ.
ᐅᑎᓚᐅᕐᒪᑕ ᑎᐊᕙᓐᒧᑦ, ᑐᓂᓯᑐᐃᓐᓇᓚᐅᕐᒪᑕ ᓄᐊᑦᑎᓯᒪᔭᒥᓂᒃ ᐅᕙᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ. ᐱᐅᔪᒻᒪᕆᐅᕗᖅ ᑕᒪᑐᒪ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᒻᒪᑦ ᐃᒃᓯᑕ, ᑎᐊᕙᓐ, ᓄᐊᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᓕᒫᒧᑦ, ᑕᒪᓐᓇᓗ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᓪᓗᓂ.
ᒥᑭᔪᑯᓗᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖅᑕᖃᕐᒪᑦ ᕕᒃᑐᐊᕆᐊᒥᙶᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐋᔅᑐᕋᐃᓕᐊᒥ, ᑐᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᓪᓗ 1868-ᒥ ᐊᖑᒻᒧᑦ ᐃᓚᖃᖅᑐᒧᑦ ᑎᐊᕙᓐᒥ. ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓚᐅᙱᓚᒍᑦ ᑖᔅᓱᒥᖓ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐱᖃᓐᓇᕆᔭᕋ ᑯᐃᓐ ᑕᑯᔭᒐᖃᕐᕕᖓᓐᓂᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖃᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓄᐊᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᑕᒫᓂ, ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᓚᐅᖅᐳᒍᓪᓗ ᐊᑎᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᑐᓂᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᓂᑦ. ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕼᐊᐃᒪᓐ ᓴᖅᑭᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ. ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᐱᕆᓪᓗᓂ: 'ᐅᖃᐅᑎᒃᑲᓐᓂᓚᐅᙵ ᑕᐃᒃᓱᒥᖓ ᐊᑎᕐᒥᒃ. ᐄ, ᓇᓂᓯᒐᓛᒃᑲᑦᑕ ᑕᒫᓂ.'
ᑕᕝᕙᓂ ᓄᐊᑦᑎᓯᒪᖅᑰᕋᑦᑕ ᔭᒐᐃᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ. ᕼᐊᐃᒪᓐ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᑦᑎᐊᒥ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑯᕆᒃᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᑕᐱᕇᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᑯᐃᓐ ᓄᓇᖓᓐᓂ. 1868-ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᑎᑭᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐋᔅᑐᕋᐃᓕᐊᒥ. ᕼᐊᐃᒪᓐᒧᑦ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖁᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᓚᐅᕐᒪᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕈᑎᒋᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᓂᐅᒃ.
ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᔭᕇᑐᐊᕈᑎᒃ ᑯᕆᒃᑎᒥᒃ, ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᑦᑎᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᔪᓐᖏᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᓲᕐᓗ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᒋᑦᑎᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐴᒥᕋᖕᒥᒃ ᐃᒋᑦᑎᓂᕐᒥᒃ. ᖃᐅᑕᒫᑲᓴᒃ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᐸᓚᐅᖅᐳᑦ. ᐊᑭᓕᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᙱᓚᑦ, ᐊᑭᓕᖅᑕᐅᔭᕆᐊᖃᕋᓗᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᐃᓚᖓᑦ ᐃᓅᔪᓐᓃᓚᐅᖅᐳᖅ ᐳᓚᕋᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᔾᔭᐅᓚᐅᙱᓚᑦ ᑕᒪᑐᒥᙵ.
ᑖᓐᓇ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᒃ ᐃᒋᑦᑎᔾᔪᑎ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᕿᑎᒃᑐᓕᕆᔨᓄᑦ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᑦᑎᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᖁᑭᐅᑎᓂᒃ ᐃᒋᑦᑎᓂᕐᒥᒃ. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ ᓴᕕᕋᔭᐃᑦ, ᐅᕙᓃᑉᐳᖅ, ᑎᒍᒥᐊᖅᑕᐅᒐᔭᖅᐳᖅ ᓂᕕᖓᑖᒧᑦ. ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᓪᓚᒃᑲᔭᖅᑐᑎᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᒍᓯᒐᔭᖅᑐᑎᑦ. ᑲᔪᓯᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒍᑎ.
ᑕᐃᒪᓕ ᐊᑐᖅᑐᐊᓚᐅᖅᐸᕗᑦ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᓄᐊᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᒪᐅᑦᔅ-ᑯᓐᓄᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᒐᖃᕐᕕᐅᓂᐊᕐᒪᑕ ᐃᖅᑲᐅᒪᔭᐅᖁᓪᓗᒍ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐋᔅᑐᕋᐃᓕᐊᒥ ᑯᕆᒃᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᑎᑭᓚᐅᕐᒪᑕ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᒍᒥᐊᓚᐅᕐᒪᑕ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᓯᕗᓕᖏᑕ ᓴᓇᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᐃᓂᖃᒻᒪᕆᑉᐳᖅ, ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᑭᒃᑯᓕᒫᓄᑦ ᐃᓚᐅᖃᑕᐅᔪᓄᑦ ᑕᒪᑐᒧᖓ - ᐱᓗᐊᖅᑐᒥ ᐳᓛᕆᐊᖅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᐱᙳᐊᖅᑎᓄᑦ.
ᑖᓐᓇ ᖁᖓᓯᕈᖅ ᑐᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ EB Penney-ᒧᑦ 1868-ᒥ, ᓇᑭᙶᕐᓂᖓ ᑐᓂᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᒥᐊᒃᓯᑯᒥ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᒥ ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᑦᑎᓯᒪᕗᖅ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᓯᒪᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᖃᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᓯᐸᓂᔅ ᑕᐅᖅᓰᖃᑦᑕᐅᑎᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᒥᐊᒃᓯᑯᒥ ᐋᓯᐊᒧᑦ. ᒫᓐᓇᓕ, ᑖᓐᓇ ᔭᐃᑲᒃ ᑐᓴᕈᒥᓇᖅᑐᒻᒪᕆᐅᕗᖅ ᐱᓪᓗᒍ ᑎᒻᒥᐊᑉ ᐊᒥᖓ ᐃᒻᒧᒃᓯᐅᒐᐅᔮᖅᑐᓂ.
ᑭᒡᒐᖅᑐᐃᔨᖃᕋᕕᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᓐᓂᒃ ᑕᒫᓂ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᐱᔨᑦᑎᕋᖅᑎᓂᒃ, ᑐᒃᓯᐊᕐᕕᒻᒥᑦᑕᐅᖅ. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᕗᒍᑦ ᒫᓐᓇᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᒃᓯᕋᕐᔪᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᓕᔭᐅᕙᓪᓕᐊᓕᕐᒪᑕ ᒥᐊᒃᓯᑯᒥ. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᕗᖅ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂ.
ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᓇᓱᐊᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᑭᓇᐅᓚᐅᕐᒪᖔᖅ ᐄ.ᐲ. ᐱᐊᓂ. ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔪᒍᑦ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᖅᑎᐅᓚᐅᕐᒪᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᒍᓐᓃᖅᑐᒍᑦ. ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓐᖏᓇᑦᑕ ᓂᐅᕕᖅᑕᐅᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ, ᓂᐅᕕᕈᑦᑕ, ᑕᑯᒃᓴᐅᑎᓐᓂᐊᖅᑕᕗᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᓕᐊᖑᓯᒪᔪᒥᒃ. ᐱᑕᖃᕆᐊᖃᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᒥᓱᒃᑲᓐᓂᕐᓂᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᑎᓂᒃ.
ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ, ᐳᓛᕆᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᒪᓕᒐᓕᐅᕐᕕᒻᒨᕋᐃᒻᒪᑦ, ᐃᓱᒪᖁᕙᒃᑲ ᑭᓱᓕᒫᑦ ᑎᓪᓕᒐᐅᓚᐅᙱᒻᒪᑕ. ᐊᒥᓲᒻᒪᑕ ᓂᐅᕕᐊᖑᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑐᓂᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ. ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᖃᙱᓚᖓ ᐱᑦᑎᐊᙱᓐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ. ᐱᑕᖃᖅᐳᖅ ᑐᓂᕐᕈᓯᐊᖑᕙᒃᑐᓂᒃ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᕙᒃᑐᓂᒡᓗ ᐳᓛᕆᐊᖅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᐱᖃᓐᓇᕆᔭᖏᓐᓄᓪᓗ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᓄᖕᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᓕᒫᒥ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ.
ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᓇᓱᐊᖅᑕᕗᑦ ᓱᓕᓪᓗᑕ ᒪᓕᒐᓕᐅᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᒪᑐᐃᖅᓯᓇᓱᐊᖅᑐᑕ ᑕᐃᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᐱᓪᓚᑦᑖᖑᔪᓂᒃ ᓱᓇᒃᑯᑖᓂᒃ, ᑕᑯᓐᓇᖅᑐᑕ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂᒃ, ᐃᓚᓕᐅᔾᔨᓇᓱᐊᖅᑐᑕ ᐊᔪᕐᓇᙱᓐᓂᓕᒫᖓᒍᑦ, ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᑐᕌᖓᑐᐃᓐᓇᙱᓚᖅ, ᓈᒻᒪᖏᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖑᔪᖅ ᓴᖅᑭᔮᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᓕᒃ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ 100 ᐊᓂᒍᖅᓯᒪᓕᖅᑐᑦ. ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᖃᑎᒋᕙᑦᑕᕗᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓂᐱᖏᑦ ᓴᓐᖏᓂᖅᓴᒥᒃ ᓴᖅᑭᔮᕆᐊᖃᕐᒪᑕ.
ᐊᒻᒪᓗ, ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔪᑎᑦ, ᑕᑯᑎᑦᑎᔪᒪᒐᑦᑕ ᑐᓂᓯᔨᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᓱᓕᔪᒥᒃ ᑭᓇᐅᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᒐᖃᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᑎᑦᑎᕙᑉᐳᒍᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓄᑦ ᐅᑉᐱᕐᓂᐅᑉ ᐅᓪᓗᖏᓐᓂ. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ ᓴᙱᔪᒻᒪᕆᒻᒥᒃ ᐊᑦᑐᐊᓂᖃᖅᐳᒍᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᑦᑎᓐᓂ ᕼᐃᓐᑐᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᒃᓯᑕᒥ. ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑑᑎᖃᕈᒪᓪᓗᑕ ᐊᓯᓕᒫᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ, ᑕᒪᒃᑮᓐᓂᒃ ᑕᒫᓂ ᑯᐃᓐ ᓄᓇᖓᓐᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᒃᓯᑕᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᓯᓚᑖᓂ.
